Gillen and Spencer made wax recordings in Macumba and Charlotte Waters (March 1901) during their 1900 - 1902 trip to Central Australia. They used a 'Phonograph' loaned by Mr C Angus Johnson of Adelaide. The phonograph allowed both recording and playback from the cylinders. From Alice M Moyle's "Sir Baldwin Spencer's recordings of Australian Aboriginal singing" December 1959 it appears that both the recordings from 1901 and some 1912 (from the same 1901 source) were transcribed onto tape and then onto a 15" disk in 1957. Moyle gives a comprehensive description of the cylinders and their audio content.